「ゾンビ麻薬」フェンタニル：米国が中国企業を大量制裁
‘Zombie drug’ fentanyl: US imposes massive sanctions on Chinese companies
「殭屍毒品」芬太尼：美國對中國企業實施大規模製裁
-Eight Indictments Against China Chemical Companies and Employees-
ー企業１４社、個人１４人を制裁対象にー
Joongang Ilbo掲載記事からSummaryをお届けします。
米国政府：
ゾンビ麻薬と呼ばれるフェンタニルなどを製造・供給している中国企業を制裁した。
米国財務省外国資産管理局（ＯＦＡＣ）：
10月３日、「企業１４社、個人１４人」を、制裁対象に追加した。
これら企業および個人の米国内資産を凍結した。
中国団体および個人を制裁：
制裁対象のほとんどが、中国団体および個人だ。
カナダにある企業１社および個人２人も、制裁対象の一部に含まれる。
財務省の発表：
中国企業は、「フェンタニルとメタンフェタミン、ＭＤＡＡの前駆物質」を、大量製造・流通させた。
また中国企業は、「フェンタニルと混ぜて使用される動物用鎮静剤キシラジンの密売」にも関与している。
合成麻薬のによる死亡急増：
米国では、「フェンタニルなどの合成麻薬の過多服用」による死亡が急増した。
米国、昨年の死亡人数：
昨年、「薬物過多服用で死亡した１１万人のうち、３分の２」が、合成麻薬が死亡の原因。
中国がフェンタニルの原料を輸出：
フェンタニルの原料であるいわゆる前駆物質。
中国が、ほとんどを供給している。
メキシコで製品として生産され、米国に流通する構造だ。
米国は５月に、フェンタニル関連で中国の団体・個人に制裁を科した。
https://s.japanese.joins.com/JArticle/309756?sectcode=A00&servcode=A00
Office of Public Affairs：Justice Department
Announces Eight Indictments Against China-Based Chemical Manufacturing Companies and Employees
United States Department of Justice：
The Justice Department today announced the unsealing of eight indictments in the Middle and Southern Districts of Florida
charging China-based companies and their employees
with crimes relating to fentanyl and methamphetamine production,
distribution of synthetic opioids,
and sales resulting from precursor chemicals.
The indictments complement actions：
taken today
by the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)
to designate 28 individuals and entities involved with the international proliferation of illicit drugs.
Attorney General：Merrick B. Garland.
We know that the global fentanyl supply chain, which ends with the deaths of Americans,
often starts with chemical companies in China,”
“The United States government is focused on breaking apart every link in that chain, getting fentanyl out of our communities, and bringing those who put it there to justice.”
These China-based chemical companies：
often attempt to evade law enforcement by using re-shippers in the United States,
false return labels,false invoices,fraudulent postage,
and
packaging that conceals the true contents of the parcels and the identity of the distributors.
In addition,
these companies tend to use cryptocurrency transactions
to conceal their identities and the location and movement of their funds.
The primary distributors of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues in North America:
the Sinaloa Cartel based in Sinaloa, Mexico,
andthe Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación based in Jalisco, Mexico.
These two transnational criminal organizations :
have significant presences throughout Mexico,
maintain distribution hubs in various cities across the United States, and control smuggling corridors into the United States.
Organizations such as the Sinaloa Cartel and Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación
receive fentanyl precursors from China that are then synthesized within clandestine laboratories into finished fentanyl at scale.
China-based precursor chemical manufacturers:
ship precursors from mainland China by, among other methods,
mislabeling the products being shipped and using containers and other packaging to mask their illicit contents.
Hebei Shenghao Import and Export Company:
based in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China,
is charged with fentanyl trafficking conspiracy, along with Chinese nationals Qingshun Li, 29,
Lihe Pharmaceutical Technology Company:
based in Wuhan, Hebei Province, China,
was charged with fentanyl trafficking conspiracy and international money laundering, along with Chinese nationals Mingming Wang, 34,
Henan Ruijiu Biotechnology Company:
based in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,
was charged with attempted importation of fentanyl precursor and attempted international money laundering, along with Chinese national Yongle Gao, 30,
Xiamen Wonderful Biotechnology Company:
based in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China,
was charged with attempted importation of fentanyl precursor and attempted international money laundering, along with Chinese national Guo Liang, 34,
Anhui Ruihan Technology Company:
based in Hefei, Anhui Province, China,
was charged with attempted importation of fentanyl precursor and attempted international money laundering.