癌細胞分泌的Netrin：作用於不同組織的圖像（RIKEN提供）
癌細胞分泌“Netrin”：全身症狀惡化！
– RIKEN：發現參與晚期癌症全身惡化的蛋白質 –
隨著癌症的進展，全身症狀惡化，例如體重減輕和厭食。
這種在晚期癌症患者中出現的情況稱為“癌症惡病質”。
“癌症惡病質”是：
綜合徵是與癌症進展相關的症狀的總稱。 它對癌症的預後產生不利影響。
對這種癌症惡病質的研究一直滯後。 這是一種涉及生理異常的複雜疾病，沒有分析方法。
使用果蠅的實驗模型 (RIKEN)
日本理化學研究所（RIKEN）：研究組
在使用果蠅的實驗模型中，我們發現涉及一種叫做“netrin”的蛋白質。
據說“Netrin”作用於遠離癌細胞的身體組織，加劇全身症狀。
癌症如何發展：
目前，正在對癌症發展的機制進行各種研究。
然而，胰腺癌和晚期癌症的治療效果仍然很差。
80%以上的晚期癌症患者會出現“肌肉和脂肪流失等全身症狀”
什麼是“惡病質”：
古希臘醫學文獻中也描述了惡病質的存在。
它是醫學術語“惡病質”的翻譯。 明治時期譯成，沿用至今。
https://scienceportal.jst.go.jp/gateway/clip/20230606_g01/
Oncogenic stress‐induced Netrin is a humoral signaling molecule that reprograms systemic metabolism in Drosophila
The EMBO Journal：Abstract
Cancer exerts pleiotropic, systemic effects on organisms, leading to health deterioration and eventually to organismal death.
How cancer induces systemic effects on remote organs and the organism itself still remains elusive.
Here we describe a role for NetrinB (NetB), a protein with a particularly well-characterized role as a tissue-level axon guidance cue, in mediating oncogenic stress-induced organismal, metabolic reprogramming as a systemic humoral factor.
In Drosophila, Ras-induced dysplastic cells upregulate and secrete NetB.
Inhibition of either NetB from the transformed tissue or its receptor in the fat body suppresses oncogenic stress-induced organismal death.
NetB from the dysplastic tissue remotely suppresses carnitine biosynthesis in the fat body, which is critical for acetyl-CoA generation and systemic metabolism.
Supplementation of carnitine or acetyl-CoA ameliorates organismal health under oncogenic stress.
This is the first identification, to our knowledge, of a role for the Netrin molecule,
which has been studied extensively for its role within tissues, in humorally mediating systemic effects of local oncogenic stress on remote organs and organismal metabolism.