中国:对发展中国家的贷款特征:对国家有利的规定

中国:对发展中国家的贷款特征:对国家有利的规定

[达喀尔路透3月31日]

中国对发展中国家的贷款协议具有“优先考虑保密和偿还中国国有银行”的特征。

在3月31日发布的研究报告中对此进行了披露。

威廉和玛丽大学:
智囊团,援助数据:

华盛顿世界发展中心(CGD)
彼得森国际经济研究所,
德国龙骨研究所,

我们将中国24个低收入和中等收入国家的100笔贷款协议与其他主要债权人的贷款协议进行了比较,并试图从法律的角度对它们进行评估。

研究中国贷款协议条款:

结果,很明显,中国的贷款合同具有“包含增加还款可能性的规则”之类的特征。

尤其是,

有一个“保密条款,可防止借款人披露贷款条款”。
有一种“非正式抵押安排,其中,中方得到比其他债权人优惠的待遇”。
中方有酌情权撤回贷款并加快资金的收取。”

报告合著者:
CGD的斯科特·莫里斯(Scott Morriss):

中国已同意作为二十国集团成员参加“减少发展中国家债务的共同框架”。

但是,他在这次调查中指出,“中国作为二十国集团成员的作用受到质疑。”

G20通用框架的承诺

20国集团共同框架规定,“应平等对待所有债权人,包括私营部门”,以减少发展中国家的债务。

但是,在大多数接受调查的合同中,中国都禁止“与其他债权人的协调和等额贷款的重组”。

目前,尚未收到中国外交部的评论。

研究/路透社

https://www.reuters.com/article/china-emerging-debt-idJPKBN2BN11U

中国:贷款使用秘密条款:与发展中国家的不平等合同

中国对发展中国家的贷款:

当中国向发展中国家贷款时,很明显,它“使用了许多对中国有利的还款条件的秘密条款”。

背景是,随着中国经济增长放缓,“甚至在外国贷款中也越来越重视收债”。

中国占主导地位的贷款协议使处于“债务陷阱”中的发展中国家的债务重组变得困难。

美国援助数据报告:

3月31日,美国研究机构Aid Data发布了一份报告。

中国的外国贷款受到国际批评,称合同细节尚不清楚。

“中国的贷款条件尚不清楚”:

个别合同的实际情况很少能弄清楚。

我们已经获得并分析了过去20年来在24个国家/地区实施的100笔贷款协议。

总额为366亿美元(约4万亿日元)。

它还包括对阿根廷和厄瓜多尔的贷款,这些贷款已于2020年拖欠债务。

贷款条款的保密条款:

根据报告

自2015年以来调查中国国家开发银行和中国进出口银行的贷款。

向发展中国家提供的所有贷款条款均附有保密条款。

日本经济新闻

https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOCB011W20R00C21A4000000/

Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective John Hurley, Scott Morris, and Gailyn Portelance

Abstract

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

hopes to deliver trillions of dollars in infrastructure financing to Asia, Europe, and Africa.

If the initiative follows Chinese practices to date for infrastructure financing, which often entail lending to sovereign borrowers, then BRI raises the risk of debt distress in some borrower countries.

This paper
assesses the likelihood of debt problems in the 68 countries identified as potential BRI borrowers.

We conclude that
eight countries are at particular risk of debt distress based on an identified pipeline of project lending associated with BRI.

Because this indebtedness
also suggests a higher concentration in debt owed to official and quasi-official Chinese creditors, we examine Chinese policies and practices related to sustainable financing and the management of debt problems in borrower countries.

Based on this evidence,
we offer recommendations to improve Chinese policy in these areas.

The recommendations
are offered to Chinese policymakers directly, as well as to BRI’s bilateral and multilateral partners, including the IMF and World Bank.

The authors
are grateful to Nancy Lee, Visiting Fellow, the Center for Global Development and Ye Yu, Senior Fellow, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, for comments and suggestions.

AidData at the College of William & Mary and the China-Africa Research Initiative at Johns Hopkins University

kindly provided us with unpublished data on Chinese overseas financing.

This paper
represents the views of the authors alone, and they are responsible for any errors in fact or judgment.

John Hurley, Scott Morris, and Gailyn Portelance. 2018.

“Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective.” CGD Policy Paper. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.

CGD is grateful for contributions from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Lakeshore Foundation in support of this work.

This paper was corrected in February 2021.

https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/examining-debt-implications-belt-and-road-initiative-policy-perspective.pdf